lion/packages/form-system/docs/30-system-formatting.md
Thomas Allmer bcd074d1fb feat: use markdown javascript (mdjs) for documentation
Co-authored-by: CubLion <alex.ghiu@ing.com>
2020-05-29 17:01:15 +02:00

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[//]: # 'AUTO INSERT HEADER PREPUBLISH'
# Formatting and Parsing
```js script
import { html } from 'lit-html';
import '@lion/input/lion-input.js';
import { Unparseable } from '@lion/validate';
import '../docs/helper-wc/h-output.js';
export default {
title: 'Forms/System/Formatting and Parsing',
};
```
> For demo purposes, below we use `<lion-input>` which is a basic extension of `<lion-field>`.
> Almost all fields share the same functionality as `<lion-input>`.
## Different values
The `FormatMixin` which is used in all lion fields automatically keeps track of:
- `modelValue`, which is a result of parsing
- `formattedValue`, which is a result of formatting
- `serializedValue`, which is a result of serializing
Our fields can automatically format/parse/serialize user input or an input set imperatively by an Application Developer.
Below are some concrete examples of implementations of formatters and parsers mimicking a (basic) amount input.
> For an actual amount input, check out [lion-input-amount](?path=/docs/forms-lion-input-amount).
> This comes with its own formatter, parser, serializer.
### Parsers & modelValue
A parser should return a `modelValue`.
The `modelValue` is the result of the parser function.
It should be considered as the **internal value used for validation and reasoning/logic**.
The `modelValue` is 'ready for consumption' by the outside world (think of a Date object or a float).
The `modelValue` can (and is recommended to) be used as both input value and output value of the `<lion-input>`.
In essence, the `modelValue` acts as a Single Source of Truth in our form fields and therefore a single way of programmatical interaction.
Formatted values, serialized values and reflected-back view values are derived from it.
You can listen to `model-value-changed` event on all fields.
Internally this is also used as the main trigger for re-evaluating validation, visibility and interaction states.
Examples:
- For a `date input`: a String '20/01/1999' will be converted to new Date('1999/01/20')
- For an `amount input`: a formatted String '1.234,56' will be converted to a Number: 1234.56
You can set a parser function on the `<lion-input>` to set parsing behavior.
In this example, we parse the input and try to convert it to a `Number`.
```js preview-story
export const parser = () => html`
<lion-input
label="Number Example"
help-text="Uses .parser to create model values from view values"
.parser="${viewValue => Number(viewValue)}"
.modelValue="${1234567890}"
@model-value-changed=${({ target }) => console.log(target)}
></lion-input>
<h-output .show="${['modelValue']}"></h-output>
`;
```
#### Unparseable
If a parser tries to parse and it returns undefined, the `modelValue` will be an instance of
`Unparseable`.
This object contains a type `'unparseable'`, and a `viewValue` which contains the String value of
what the user tried to input.
The formatted result of this that is reflected to the user will be the `viewValue` of the
`Unparseable` instance, so basically nothing happens for the user.
```js preview-story
export const unparseable = () => html`
<lion-input
label="Number Example"
help-text="Uses .parser and return undefined if Number() cannot parse"
.parser="${viewValue => Number(viewValue) || undefined}"
value="${'1234abc567890'}"
></lion-input>
<h-output .show="${['modelValue']}"></h-output>
`;
```
### Formatters
A formatter should return a `formattedValue`.
It accepts the current modelValue and an options object.
Below is a very naive and limited parser that ignores non-digits.
The formatter then uses `Intl.NumberFormat` to format it with thousand separators.
Formatted value is reflected back to the user `on-blur` of the field, but only if the field has no
errors (validation).
```js preview-story
export const formatters = () => {
const formatDate = (modelValue, options) => {
if (!(typeof modelValue === 'number')) {
return options.formattedValue;
}
return new Intl.NumberFormat('en-GB').format(modelValue);
};
return html`
<lion-input
label="Number Example"
help-text="Uses .formatter to create view value"
.parser="${viewValue => Number(viewValue.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ''))}"
.formatter="${formatDate}"
.modelValue="${1234567890}"
>
</lion-input>
<h-output .show="${['modelValue', 'formattedValue']}"></h-output>
`;
};
```
> The options object holds a fallback value that shows what should be presented on
> screen when the user input resulted in an invalid `modelValue`.
### Serializers and deserializers
A serializer converts the `modelValue` to a `serializedValue`.
In this example, we decide we want to store the user input to our hypothetical database, but by parsing it with radix 8 first.
A deserializer converts a value, for example one received from an API, to a `modelValue`.
This can be useful for prefilling forms with data from APIs.
> There is no `.deserializedValue` property that stays in sync by default.
> You need to call `el.deserializer(el.modelValue)` manually yourself.
```js preview-story
export const deSerializers = () => {
const mySerializer = (modelValue, options) => {
return parseInt(modelValue, 8);
};
const myDeserializer = (myValue, options) => {
return new Number(myValue);
};
return html`
<lion-input
label="Date Example"
help-text="Uses .(de)serializer to restore serialized modelValues"
.parser="${viewValue => Number(viewValue.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ''))}"
.serializer="${mySerializer}"
.deserializer="${myDeserializer}"
.modelValue="${1234567890}"
></lion-input>
<h-output .show="${['modelValue', 'serializedValue']}"></h-output>
`;
};
```
## Flow Diagrams
Below we show three flow diagrams to show the flow of formatting, serializing and parsing user input, with the example of a date input:
### Standard flow
Where a user changes the input with their keyboard
```js preview-story
export const standardFlow = () => html`
<img src=${new URL('../dev-assets/FormatMixinDiagram-1.svg', import.meta.url)} />
`;
```
### Unparseable flow
Where a user sets the input to something that is not parseable by the parser
```js preview-story
export const unparseableFlow = () => html`
<img src=${new URL('../dev-assets/FormatMixinDiagram-2.svg', import.meta.url)} />
`;
```
### Imperative / programmatic flow
Where the developer sets the modelValue of the input programmatically
```js preview-story
export const imperativeFlow = () => html`
<img src=${new URL('../dev-assets/FormatMixinDiagram-3.svg', import.meta.url)} />
`;
```